Horumarka Horumarka ee Unugyada Dilaaga Dabiiciga ah (NK) ee ka badan 50 sano

Tan iyo warbixinadii ugu horreeyay ee lymphocytes ee muujinaya "aan-gaar ahayn" dilka unugyada burooyinka 1973, fahamka iyo muhiimadda unugyada Killer Dabiiciga ah (NK) ayaa si aad ah u kobcay. Sanadkii 1975, Rolf Kiessling iyo asxaabtiisa Machadka Karolinska waxay curiyeen ereyga "Killer dabiiciga ah" unugyada, iyaga oo muujinaya awooddooda gaarka ah ee ay si kedis ah u weeraraan unugyada burooyinka iyada oo aan horay loo dareemin.

Kontonka sano ee soo socda, shaybaarro badan oo adduunka ah ayaa si weyn u bartay unugyada NK ee vitro si ay u caddeeyaan doorka ay ku leeyihiin difaaca martida loo yahay ee ka hortagga burooyinka iyo jeermiska microbial, iyo sidoo kale shaqadooda sharciyeynta ee nidaamka difaaca.

Unugyada NK: Unugyada hore ee Lymphocytes

Unugyada NK, xubnaha ugu horreeya ee lagu garto xubnaha qoyska lymfosaytka, waxay ka difaacaan burooyinka iyo cudur-sidaha iyada oo loo marayo dhaqdhaqaaqa cytotoxic ee tooska ah iyo dheecaanka cytokines iyo chemokines. Markii hore loogu yeero "unugyada null" sababtoo ah maqnaanshaha aqoonsiga calaamadaha, horumarka laga sameeyay isku xigxiga hal unug ee RNA, cytometry socodka, iyo spectrometry mass ayaa oggolaaday kala soocida tafatiran ee noocyada hoose ee unugyada NK.

Tobankii Sano ee Ugu Horeeyay (1973-1982): Helitaanka Cytotoxicity Aan Gaar Ahayn

Dabayaaqadii 1960-meeyadii iyo horraantii 1970-meeyadii waxay arkeen horumarinta baaritaannada fudud ee vitro si loo cabbiro cytotoxicity-dhexdhexaadinta unugga. Sannadkii 1974-kii, Herberman iyo asxaabtiisuba waxay muujiyeen in lymphocytes dhiigga durugsan ee shakhsiyaadka caafimaadka qaba ay dili karaan unugyo kala duwan oo lymfoma aadanaha ah. Kiessling, Klein, iyo Wigzell waxay si dheeraad ah u sharaxeen lysis kediska ah ee unugyada burooyinka by lymphocytes ee jiirka aan buro-sida, magaca hawshan "dilka dabiiciga ah."

Tobankii Sano ee Labaad (1983-1992): Astaamaha Feenotypic iyo Difaaca Fayraska

Intii lagu jiray 1980-meeyadii, diiradda waxay u wareegtay sifada phenotypic ee unugyada NK, taasoo horseedaysa aqoonsiga dad-hoosaadyo leh hawlo kala duwan. Sannadkii 1983kii, saynisyahannadu waxay aqoonsadeen qaybo kala duwan oo ka mid ah unugyada NK ee bini'aadamka. Daraasado dheeraad ah ayaa iftiimiyay doorka muhiimka ah ee unugyada NK ee ka hortagga fayraska herpes, oo uu tusaale u yahay bukaan qaba infekshannada fayraska herpes ee daran sababtoo ah yaraanta unugyada NK ee hidde ahaan.

Tobankii Sano ee Sadexaad (1993-2002): Fahamka qaabilayaasha iyo Lafaha

Horumarka la taaban karo ee 1990-meeyadii iyo horraantii 2000-meeyadii ayaa horseeday aqoonsiga iyo xiritaanka unugyada NK-ga iyo xirmooyinkooda. Sahannada ay ka midka yihiin soo-dhoweeyaha NKG2D iyo isku-xirnaanta walbahaarka ay keento ayaa aasaas u ah fahamka unugyada NK ee hababka aqoonsiga "is-beddel-is-beddel".

Tobankii Sano ee Afraad (2003-2012): Xusuusta Unugyada NK iyo Shatiga

Ka soo horjeeda aragtiyaha dhaqameed, daraasadaha 2000s waxay muujiyeen in unugyada NK ay soo bandhigi karaan jawaabaha xusuusta u eg. Cilmi-baadhayaashu waxay muujiyeen in unugyada NK ay dhexdhexaadin karaan jawaabaha antigen-gaarka ah oo ay sameeyaan nooc "xusuus" oo la mid ah unugyada difaaca la qabsiga. Intaa waxaa dheer, fikradda unugyada NK ee "shati-siinta" ayaa soo baxday, iyadoo sharraxaysa sida isdhexgalka unugyada is-MHC ay kor ugu qaadi karaan ka jawaabista unugyada NK.

Tobanka Sano ee Shanaad (2013-Present): Codsiyada Kiliinikada iyo Kala duwanaanta

Tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, horumarka tignoolajiyada ayaa horseeday cilmi-baarista unugyada NK. Cytometry-ga tirada badan iyo isku xigxiga hal unug ee RNA ayaa daaha ka qaaday kala duwanaanshiyaha ifafaale ballaaran ee unugyada NK. Kiliinik ahaan, unugyada NK waxay muujiyeen ballanqaad ku saabsan daweynta malignantiga dhiigbaxa, sida lagu muujiyey adeegsiga guusha leh ee unugyada CD19 CAR-NK ee bukaannada lymphoma sanadka 2020.

Rajada Mustaqbalka: Su'aalaha aan laga jawaabin iyo Aragtiyo Cusub

Sida cilmi-baadhistu sii socoto, dhawr su'aalood oo xiiso leh ayaa hadhay. Sidee unugyada NK u helaan xusuusta antigen-gaarka ah? Ma la adeegsan karaa unugyada NK si loo xakameeyo cudurrada difaaca jirka? Sideen uga gudbi karnaa caqabadaha ay keenayaan buro microenvironment si aan u dhaqaajino unugyada NK si wax ku ool ah? Kontonka sano ee soo socda waxay ballan qaadayaan daahfuryo xiiso leh oo lama filaan ah oo ku saabsan bayoolaji unugyada NK, iyagoo siinaya xeelado cusub oo daaweyn ah oo loogu talagalay kansarka iyo cudurrada faafa.