Iterambere ryiterambere mu tugari twica (NK) Kurenza Imyaka 50
Kuva raporo ya mbere yerekana lymphocytes yerekana "idasanzwe" yica selile yibibyimba mu 1973, gusobanukirwa nakamaro k’uturemangingo twica (NK) byahindutse cyane. Mu 1975, Rolf Kiessling na bagenzi be bo mu kigo cya Karolinska bahimbye ijambo "Kamere Kamere Kamere", bagaragaza ubushobozi bwabo budasanzwe bwo kwibasira ubwonko utabanje kubyumva.
Mu myaka mirongo itanu iri imbere, laboratoire nyinshi ku isi zakoze ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku ngirabuzimafatizo za NK muri vitro kugira ngo zisobanure uruhare rwazo mu kwirinda ibibyimba na mikorobe ziterwa na mikorobe, ndetse n'imikorere yazo mu rwego rwo kwirinda indwara.
Ingirabuzimafatizo za NK: Lymphocytes Pioneering Innate
Utugingo ngengabuzima twa NK, twambere twaranze abagize umuryango wa lymphocyte wavutse, birinda ibibyimba na virusi binyuze mu bikorwa bya cytotoxique itaziguye no gusohora cytokine na chemokine. Mu ikubitiro byiswe "selile null" kubera kubura ibimenyetso biranga, gutera imbere muburyo bumwe bwa RNA ikurikirana, flux cytometrie, hamwe na mass spectrometrie byatumye habaho ibisobanuro birambuye byubwoko bwa selile NK.
Imyaka icumi Yambere (1973-1982): Kuvumbura Cytotoxicity idasanzwe
Mu mpera za 1960 no mu ntangiriro ya za 70 hagaragaye iterambere ryoroheje muri vitro yo gupima cytotoxicity ikoresheje selile. Mu 1974, Herberman na bagenzi be berekanye ko lymphocytes ziva mu maraso zituruka ku bantu bazima zishobora kwica selile zitandukanye. Kiessling, Klein, na Wigzell bakomeje gusobanura lysis yo mu bwoko bwa lymphocytes ituruka ku mbeba zidafite ibibyimba, bavuga ko iki gikorwa ari "ubwicanyi busanzwe."
Imyaka icumi ya kabiri (1983-1992): Imiterere ya Fenotypic na Defence Defence
Mu myaka ya za 1980, icyerekezo cyimuriwe kuri fenotipiki iranga selile NK, biganisha ku kumenyekanisha abantu benshi bafite imirimo itandukanye. Kugeza mu 1983, abahanga bari barabonye ibice bitandukanye bigize ingirabuzimafatizo za NK. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwerekanye uruhare runini rwa selile NK mu kurinda herpesvirus, bigaragazwa n’umurwayi ufite indwara ya herpesvirus ikabije kubera kubura ingirabuzimafatizo ya NK.
Imyaka icumi ya gatatu (1993-2002): Gusobanukirwa Abakira na Ligands
Iterambere rigaragara mu myaka ya za 90 no mu ntangiriro ya 2000 ryatumye hamenyekana no gukoronizwa kwakirwa kwa NK na ligande zabo. Ubuvumbuzi nka reseptor ya NKG2D hamwe na ligande zayo ziterwa no guhangayika byashizeho urufatiro rwo gusobanukirwa uburyo bwo kumenyekanisha ingirabuzimafatizo za NK.
Imyaka icumi ya kane (2003-2012): Kwibuka Akagari ka NK no gutanga uruhushya
Bitandukanye n’ibitekerezo gakondo, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu myaka ya za 2000 bwerekanye ko selile NK ishobora kwerekana ibisubizo bisa nibisubizo. Abashakashatsi berekanye ko selile NK ishobora guhuza ibisubizo byihariye bya antigen kandi igateza imbere uburyo bwo "kwibuka" busa n’uturemangingo tw’umubiri. Byongeye kandi, igitekerezo cya selile NK "gutanga uruhushya" cyagaragaye, gisobanura uburyo imikoranire na molekile ya MHC yonyine ishobora kuzamura NK selile.
Imyaka icumi ya gatanu (2013-Kugeza ubu): Amavuriro akoreshwa kandi atandukanye
Mu myaka icumi ishize, iterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryatumye ubushakashatsi bwa selile NK. Mass cytometrie hamwe na selile imwe ya RNA ikurikirana yerekanye fenotipiki itandukanye muri selile NK. Mubuvuzi, selile NK yerekanye amasezerano yo kuvura indwara mbi ziterwa na hematologique, nkuko bigaragazwa no gukoresha neza selile CD19 CAR-NK mu barwayi ba lymphoma muri 2020.
Ibihe bizaza: Ibibazo bitashubijwe hamwe na Horizons Nshya
Mugihe ubushakashatsi bukomeje, ibibazo byinshi bishimishije biracyahari. Nigute selile NK ibona ububiko bwihariye bwa antigen? Ingirabuzimafatizo za NK zishobora gukoreshwa mu kurwanya indwara ziterwa na autoimmune? Nigute dushobora gutsinda imbogamizi ziterwa na microen ibidukikije kugirango ikore selile NK neza? Imyaka mirongo itanu iri imbere isezeranya ibintu bishimishije kandi bitunguranye muri biologiya ya NK, bitanga ingamba nshya zo kuvura kanseri n'indwara zanduza.