Kupita Patsogolo Kwa Ma cell Opha Zachilengedwe (NK) Pazaka 50

Chiyambireni malipoti oyamba a ma lymphocyte omwe akuwonetsa kupha "osadziwika" kwa maselo otupa mu 1973, kumvetsetsa komanso kufunikira kwa ma cell a Natural Killer (NK) asintha kwambiri. Mu 1975, Rolf Kiessling ndi ogwira nawo ntchito ku Karolinska Institute adapanga mawu akuti "Natural Killer" maselo, kuwonetsa luso lawo lapadera lolimbana ndi ma cell chotupa popanda kukhudzidwa.

Pazaka makumi asanu zikubwerazi, ma laboratories ambiri padziko lonse lapansi aphunzira mozama ma cell a NK mu vitro kuti afotokozere momwe amagwirira ntchito poteteza zotupa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso ntchito zawo zowongolera chitetezo chamthupi.

NK Maselo: Ma Lymphocyte Opanga Upainiya

NK maselo, oyambirira yodziwika mamembala a innate lymphocyte banja, kuteteza ku zotupa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kudzera mwachindunji cytotoxic ntchito ndi katulutsidwe wa cytokines ndi chemokines. Poyambirira amatchedwa "ma cell cell" chifukwa chosowa zolembera, kupita patsogolo kwa ma cell a RNA amtundu umodzi, flow cytometry, ndi mass spectrometry alola kugawa mwatsatanetsatane kwa NK cell subtypes.

Zaka khumi Zoyamba (1973-1982): Kupeza Cytotoxicity Yosagwirizana

Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1960 ndi koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1970 adapanga njira zosavuta zoyesera mu vitro kuyesa cytotoxicity ya cell. Mu 1974, Herberman ndi anzake adawonetsa kuti ma lymphocyte amagazi ochokera kwa anthu athanzi amatha kupha maselo osiyanasiyana amtundu wa lymphoma. Kiessling, Klein, ndi Wigzell akufotokozanso za lysis yodziwikiratu ya maselo a chotupa ndi ma lymphocyte ochokera ku mbewa zopanda chotupa, akutcha ntchitoyi "kupha mwachilengedwe."

Zaka khumi Zachiwiri (1983-1992): Phenotypic Characterization and Viral Defense

M'zaka za m'ma 1980, kuyang'ana kunasunthira ku maonekedwe a phenotypic a NK maselo, zomwe zinachititsa kuti adziwike anthu omwe ali ndi ntchito zosiyana. Pofika m'chaka cha 1983, asayansi anali atazindikira magawo osiyanasiyana a maselo a NK aumunthu. Kafukufuku wina adawonetsa ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya maselo a NK poteteza ku herpesviruses, zomwe zimawonetsedwa ndi wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda oopsa a herpesvirus chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chibadwa cha NK cell.

Zaka khumi (1993-2002): Kumvetsetsa Zolandila ndi Ma Ligands

Kupita patsogolo kwakukulu m'zaka za m'ma 1990 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000 kunachititsa kuti anthu adziwike ndi kupanga mapangidwe a NK cell receptors ndi ligands awo. Zofukulidwa monga cholandilira cha NKG2D ndi ma ligand ake oyambitsa kupsinjika zidakhazikitsa maziko omvetsetsa njira zozindikirira ma cell a NK "odzisintha".

Zaka khumi (2003-2012): NK Cell Memory ndi Licensing

Mosiyana ndi malingaliro achikhalidwe, kafukufuku wazaka za m'ma 2000 adawonetsa kuti ma cell a NK amatha kuwonetsa mayankho ngati kukumbukira. Ofufuza adawonetsa kuti ma cell a NK amatha kuyimira mayankho okhudzana ndi antigen ndikupanga mawonekedwe a "memory" ofanana ndi maselo oteteza chitetezo. Kuonjezera apo, lingaliro la NK cell "kupatsidwa chilolezo" linatuluka, kufotokoza momwe kuyanjana ndi ma molekyulu a MHC kungapangitse kuti NK cell iyankhe.

Zaka khumi (2013-Present): Ntchito Zachipatala ndi Zosiyanasiyana

M'zaka khumi zapitazi, kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kwayendetsa kafukufuku wama cell a NK. Misa cytometry ndi kutsatizana kwa selo imodzi ya RNA kunavumbula kusiyana kwakukulu kwa phenotypic pakati pa maselo a NK. Zachipatala, ma cell a NK awonetsa lonjezano pochiza matenda a hematologic, monga momwe zawonetsedwera ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa CD19 CAR-NK cell kwa odwala lymphoma mu 2020.

Zam'tsogolo: Mafunso Osayankhidwa ndi Zatsopano Zatsopano

Pamene kafukufuku akupitirira, pali mafunso angapo ochititsa chidwi. Kodi ma cell a NK amapeza bwanji kukumbukira kwa antigen? Kodi ma NK cell angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwongolera matenda a autoimmune? Kodi tingagonjetse bwanji zovuta zobwera ndi chotupa microenvironment kuti tiyambitse ma cell a NK moyenera? Zaka makumi asanu zikubwerazi zikulonjeza zinthu zosangalatsa komanso zosayembekezereka mu NK cell biology, kupereka njira zatsopano zothandizira khansa ndi matenda opatsirana.