Ọganiihu na-aga n'ihu na cell Killer (NK) karịrị afọ 50

Ebe ọ bụ na akụkọ mbụ nke lymphocytes na-egosipụta igbu mkpụrụ ndụ tumor "na-abụghị nke akọwapụtara" na 1973, nghọta na mkpa nke mkpụrụ ndụ Natural Killer (NK) etolitela nke ukwuu. N'afọ 1975, Rolf Kiessling na ndị ọrụ ibe na Karolinska Institute chepụtara okwu ahụ bụ mkpụrụ ndụ "Natural Killer", na-akọwapụta ikike pụrụ iche ha nwere ịwakpo mkpụrụ ndụ etuto n'onwe ha n'ebughị ụzọ mee ihe.

N'ime afọ iri ise sochirinụ, ọtụtụ ụlọ nyocha n'ụwa niile enyochala mkpụrụ ndụ NK in vitro iji kọwapụta ọrụ ha na nchekwa ndị ọbịa megide etuto ahụ na nje microbial, yana ọrụ nhazi ha n'ime sistemu ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ.

Mkpụrụ ndụ NK: Lymphocytes ndị ọsụ ụzọ

Mkpụrụ ndụ NK, ndị mbụ e ji mara ndị ezinụlọ lymphocyte bu pụta ụwa, na-echebe megide etuto na nje site na ọrụ cytotoxic kpọmkwem na nzuzo nke cytokines na chemokines. Na mbu a na-akpọ ya "cell null" n'ihi enweghị akara njirimara, ọganihu n'ime otu cell RNA sequencing, cytometry na-asọpụta na spectrometry mass spectrometry enyela ohere nhazi nkọwa nke ụdị NK cell.

Afọ iri mbụ (1973-1982): Ịchọta Cytotoxicity na-abụghị nke akọwapụtara

N'ikpeazụ 1960s na mmalite 1970s hụrụ mmepe nke mfe in vitro assays iji tụọ cytotoxicity nke cell-mediated. N'afọ 1974, Herberman na ndị ọrụ ibe gosipụtara na lymphocytes ọbara dịpụrụ adịpụ sitere na ndị nwere ahụike nwere ike igbu mkpụrụ ndụ lymphoma dị iche iche nke mmadụ. Kiessling, Klein, na Wigzell gara n'ihu kọwapụta lysis nke mkpụrụ ndụ tumo site na lymphocytes sitere na ụmụ oke ndị na-adịghị na-ebu akpụ, na-akpọ ọrụ a "egbu mmadụ."

Afọ iri nke abụọ (1983-1992): Njirimara Phenotypic na Nchekwa Ọrịa.

N'ime 1980s, a na-elekwasị anya na njirimara phenotypic nke mkpụrụ ndụ NK, na-eduga na njirimara nke subpopulations nwere ọrụ dị iche iche. N'afọ 1983, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị achọpụtala akụkụ dị iche iche nke mkpụrụ ndụ NK mmadụ. Nnyocha ndị ọzọ gosipụtara ọrụ dị mkpa mkpụrụ ndụ NK na-agbachitere megide nje virus herpes, nke onye ọrịa nwere ọrịa nje virus siri ike gosipụtara n'ihi ụkọ mkpụrụ ndụ NK cell.

Afọ iri nke atọ (1993-2002): Ịghọta ndị nnabata na Ligands

Ọganihu dị ịrịba ama na 1990s na mmalite 2000 mere ka nchọpụta na cloning nke NK cell receptors na njikọ ha. Nchọpụta dị ka onye na-anabata NKG2D na ligands na-akpata nrụgide guzobere ntọala maka ịghọta usoro nnabata nke mkpụrụ ndụ NK 'gbanwere-onwe'.

Afọ iri nke anọ (2003-2012): NK Cell Memory na ikikere

N'adịghị ka echiche ọdịnala, ọmụmụ na 2000s gosipụtara na mkpụrụ ndụ NK nwere ike igosipụta nzaghachi dịka ebe nchekwa. Ndị nchọpụta gosiri na mkpụrụ ndụ NK nwere ike ịgbazite nzaghachi antigen-kpọmkwem ma mepụta ụdị "ncheta" dị ka sel ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe na-agbanwe agbanwe. Na mgbakwunye, echiche nke NK cell "ikike" pụtara, na-akọwa otú mmekọrịta nke onwe-MHC molecule nwere ike isi welie NK cell nzaghachi.

Afọ iri nke ise (2013-dị ugbu a): Ngwa ụlọ ọgwụ na ụdị dị iche iche

N'ime afọ iri gara aga, ọganihu nkà na ụzụ emeela nchọpụta NK cell. Cytometry mass na usoro RNA otu cell na-ekpughe nnukwu ụdịdị phenotypic dị n'etiti sel NK. N'ụlọ ọgwụ, mkpụrụ ndụ NK egosila nkwa n'ịgwọ ọrịa hematologic, dị ka egosipụtara site na ntinye nke ọma nke mkpụrụ ndụ CD19 CAR-NK na ndị ọrịa lymphoma na 2020.

Atụmanya Ọdịnihu: Ajụjụ A Na-azaghị na Ọhụụ Ọhụrụ

Ka nyocha na-aga n'ihu, ọtụtụ ajụjụ na-akpali mmasị ka dị. Kedu ka mkpụrụ ndụ NK si enweta ebe nchekwa antigen akọwapụtara? Enwere ike ijikwa mkpụrụ ndụ NK iji chịkwaa ọrịa autoimmune? Kedu ka anyị ga-esi merie ihe ịma aka nke microenvironment tumor na-ebute iji mee ka mkpụrụ ndụ NK rụọ ọrụ nke ọma? Afọ iri ise na-abịa na-ekwe nkwa nchọpụta na-akpali akpali na nke a na-atụghị anya ya na NK cell bayoloji, na-enye usoro ọgwụgwọ ọhụrụ maka ọrịa cancer na ọrịa na-efe efe.