Kev Tshaj Tawm Ua Ntej Hauv Ntuj Killer (NK) Cells Tshaj 50 Xyoo
Txij li thawj cov ntawv ceeb toom ntawm lymphocytes qhia txog "tsis yog tshwj xeeb" tua cov qog hlwb hauv xyoo 1973, kev nkag siab thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Natural Killer (NK) hlwb tau hloov zuj zus mus. Xyoo 1975, Rolf Kiessling thiab cov npoj yaig ntawm lub koom haum Karolinska tau tsim lub sijhawm "Natural Killer" hlwb, qhia txog lawv lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb los tawm tsam cov qog hlwb yam tsis muaj kev xav ua ntej.
Tshaj li tsib caug xyoo tom ntej no, ntau lub chaw soj nstuam thoob ntiaj teb tau kawm txog NK hlwb hauv vitro kom paub meej lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tiv thaiv tus tswv ntawm cov qog thiab cov kab mob microbial, nrog rau lawv cov kev tswj hwm hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
NK Cells: Tus Pioneering Innate Lymphocytes
NK hlwb, thawj tus cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg hauv tsev neeg lymphocyte, tiv thaiv cov qog thiab cov kab mob los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ncaj qha cytotoxic thiab tso tawm ntawm cytokines thiab chemokines. Thaum xub thawj hu ua "null cells" vim tsis muaj kev txheeb xyuas cov cim, kev nce qib hauv ib leeg-cell RNA sequencing, ntws cytometry, thiab huab hwm coj spectrometry tau tso cai cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm NK cell subtypes.
Thawj Xyoo caum (1973-1982): Tshawb nrhiav Tsis-Specific Cytotoxicity
Lub lig 1960s thiab thaum ntxov 1970s pom kev txhim kho ntawm cov kev sim yooj yim hauv vitro los ntsuas cov cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Xyoo 1974, Herberman thiab cov npoj yaig tau pom tias cov ntshav lymphocytes peripheral los ntawm cov tib neeg noj qab haus huv tuaj yeem tua ntau yam qog nqaij hlav hauv tib neeg. Kiessling, Klein, thiab Wigzell tau piav qhia ntxiv txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov qog hlwb los ntawm lymphocytes los ntawm cov nas uas tsis yog qog nqaij hlav, hu ua qhov haujlwm no "kev tua tsiaj."
Lub Kaum Ob Hlis (1983-1992): Phenotypic Characterization thiab Viral Defense
Thaum lub sijhawm xyoo 1980, qhov kev tsom mus rau phenotypic tus cwj pwm ntawm NK hlwb, ua rau kev txheeb xyuas cov neeg muaj npe nrog cov haujlwm sib txawv. Los ntawm 1983, cov kws tshawb fawb tau txheeb xyuas cov haujlwm sib txawv ntawm tib neeg NK hlwb. Cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv tau hais txog NK hlwb lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob herpesviruses, ua piv txwv los ntawm tus neeg mob uas muaj tus kab mob herpesvirus hnyav vim yog caj ces NK cell deficiency.
Xyoo Thib Peb (1993-2002): Nkag siab cov neeg txais thiab Ligands
Kev nce qib tseem ceeb hauv xyoo 1990 thiab thaum ntxov 2000s tau coj mus rau kev txheeb xyuas thiab cloning ntawm NK cell receptors thiab lawv cov ligands. Kev tshawb pom xws li NKG2D receptor thiab nws cov kev ntxhov siab vim ligands tau tsim lub hauv paus rau kev nkag siab NK hlwb '" hloov pauv-tus kheej" cov tswv yim paub.
Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 4 (2003-2012): NK Cell Memory thiab Daim Ntawv Tso Cai
Tsis zoo li cov kev xav ib txwm muaj, kev tshawb fawb hauv xyoo 2000 tau pom tias NK hlwb tuaj yeem pom cov lus teb zoo li nco. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias NK hlwb tuaj yeem kho cov lus teb tshwj xeeb antigen thiab tsim ib daim ntawv ntawm "nco" zoo li hloov lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tswv yim ntawm NK cell "kev tso cai" tau tshwm sim, piav qhia txog kev cuam tshuam nrog tus kheej-MHC molecules tuaj yeem txhim kho NK cell teb.
Lub Tsib Hlis Ntuj Tim 5 (2013-Tam sim no): Cov ntawv thov kev kho mob thiab ntau haiv neeg
Hauv kaum xyoo dhau los, kev nce qib thev naus laus zis tau tsav NK cell tshawb fawb. Loj cytometry thiab ib leeg-cell RNA sequencing tau nthuav tawm ntau phenotypic ntau haiv neeg ntawm NK hlwb. Clinically, NK hlwb tau pom cov lus cog tseg hauv kev kho mob hematologic malignancies, raws li tau pom los ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm CD19 CAR-NK hlwb hauv cov neeg mob qog nqaij hlav hauv xyoo 2020.
Cov Kev Pom Zoo Yav Tom Ntej: Cov Lus Nug Tsis Muaj Lus Nug thiab Cov Qab Zib Tshiab
Raws li kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv, ntau cov lus nug tseem ceeb tseem nyob. Yuav ua li cas NK hlwb thiaj li tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb? NK hlwb puas tuaj yeem siv los tswj cov kab mob autoimmune? Yuav ua li cas peb kov yeej cov teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm qog microenvironment kom qhib NK hlwb zoo? Tsib caug xyoo tom ntej no cog lus zoo siab thiab tsis xav txog qhov kev tshawb pom hauv NK cell biology, muab cov tswv yim kho tshiab rau mob qog noj ntshav thiab kis kab mob.