Manaolana Hou i ka Lapaʻau maʻi maʻi: TILs Therapy Emerges as the Next Frontier

Ke hoʻomau nei ka ulu ʻana o ke kahua o ka cell therapy, me ka TIL therapy i kēia manawa ke kū nei i kahi holomua nui i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa. ʻOiai ka manaʻolana kiʻekiʻe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka therapy CAR-T, ua kaupalena ʻia kona hopena i nā ʻōpū paʻa, ʻo ia ka 90% o nā maʻi kanesa. Eia nō naʻe, ua mākaukau ʻo TIL therapy e hoʻololi i kēlā moʻolelo.

Ua loaʻa i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo TIL ka nānā nui ʻana i ka wā i loaʻa ai iā Iovance Biotherapeutics 'Lifileucel ka ʻae ʻana o FDA i ka lā 16 Pepeluali no ka mālama ʻana i ka melanoma i holomua ma hope o ka PD-1 antibody therapy. ʻO ka ʻae ʻana o Lifileucel e hōʻailona iā ia ʻo ka TIL therapy mua i hiki i ka mākeke, e hōʻailona ana i kahi hana hou o ka cell therapy e pili ana i nā ʻōpū paʻa.

He Ala lōʻihi i ka holomua

ʻO ka huakaʻi o ka TIL therapy ma mua o ʻehā mau makahiki. ʻO Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) he pūʻulu like ʻole o nā cell immune i loaʻa i loko o ka microenvironment tumo, me nā cell T, B cell, NK cell, macrophages, a me nā cell suppressor derived myeloid. Hiki ke hōʻiliʻili ʻia, hoʻonui ʻia i loko o kahi lab, a hoʻokomo hou ʻia i loko o ka mea maʻi e hoʻopaʻa a luku i nā maʻi maʻi.

ʻAʻole like me nā pūnaewele CAR-T, loaʻa pololei ʻia nā TIL mai ka ʻōpū, e ʻae iā lākou e ʻike i kahi ākea ākea o nā antigens tumor a hāʻawi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka infiltration a me ka palekana. Ua hōʻike kēia ala i ka ʻōlelo hoʻohiki, ʻoi loa i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi paʻa kahi i hakakā ai ʻo CAR-T e holomua.

Haʻihaʻi i nā pilikia

Ua hōʻike ʻo Lifileucel i nā hopena lapaʻau kupaianaha, e hāʻawi ana i ka manaʻolana i nā poʻe maʻi melanoma me nā koho lapaʻau liʻiliʻi. I loko o ka C-144-01 hoʻokolohua lapaʻau, ua loaʻa i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ka helu pane pahuhopu o 31%, me 42% o nā maʻi e loaʻa ana nā pane i ʻelua mau makahiki. ʻOiai ʻo kēia mau kūleʻa, ʻo ke ala e hiki ai i ka hoʻohana ākea ke alo i nā pilikia nui.

ʻOihana a me nā pilikia kālepa

ʻO kekahi o nā paʻakikī koʻikoʻi ke ʻano pilikino o ka hana TIL, e koi ana i kahi kaʻina hana lōʻihi a paʻakikī. ʻOiai ua hoʻemi ʻo Iovance i ka manawa hana ma kahi o 22 mau lā, pono ka wikiwiki e hoʻokō koke i nā pono o ka maʻi. Manaʻo ka hui e hoʻopōkole i kēia manawa i 16 mau lā ma o ka holomua mau.

ʻO ka hoʻolaha pāʻoihana hoʻi he mau pilikia. ʻO ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau lapaʻau pilikino—ke kumu kūʻai ʻia i kēia manawa he $515,000 no Lifileucel, me nā koina lapaʻau hou aʻe—e kaupalena ʻia ka hoʻokomo mua ʻana i ka mākeke US. No ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hiki ʻana o ka honua a me ka hoʻokele waiwai, pono nā ʻoihana e hoʻolōʻihi i ka hana a hoʻemi i nā kumukūʻai.

ʻO ka maʻalahi o ke kaʻina hana e hoʻonui ai i ka ʻike maʻi kekahi mea koʻikoʻi. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau TIL i nā ʻanuʻu he nui, me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka ʻiʻo tumora, ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka cell, a me ka lymphodepletion, nā mea āpau e koi ana i nā keʻena lapaʻau kūikawā a me nā limahana. ʻO ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi pūnaewele lapaʻau nui a maikaʻi hoʻi he mea nui ia no ka holomua ʻoihana ākea.

He Olelo Hoohiki

Ke nānā nei i mua, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka therapy TIL i nā maʻi maʻi paʻa ʻē aʻe he kumu nui. ʻOiai ke nānā nui nei ka noiʻi ʻana i ka melanoma, ke hoʻomaka nei nā hana e ʻimi i kona pono i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi ʻē aʻe e like me ka maʻi maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā nuances o ka therapy TIL, me ka ʻike ʻana i nā cell T i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lāʻau hoʻohui, he mea nui ia.

ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau hui, ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā TIL me nā lāʻau maʻamau e like me ka chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapies, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, hōʻike i ka hiki ke hoʻonui i nā hopena lapaʻau a hōʻemi i nā hopena ʻaoʻao. Ke noiʻi nei nā ʻoihana e like me Iovance i nā hui pū ʻana me PD-1 inhibitors, e manaʻo ana e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka TIL efficacy a me nā helu pane pane.

Ke wehe nei ʻo Lifileucel i ke ala no ka lāʻau lapaʻau TIL, kū ke kahua o ka cell therapy ma ka ʻaoʻao o kahi wā hoʻololi i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi tumora paʻa. ʻO nā hoʻoikaika hui a me nā hana hou mai nā hui lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻoholo i ka mea e alakaʻi i kēia palena hou. ʻO ka manaʻolana i hoʻopau ʻia e ka TIL therapy e hoʻohiki e huki hou aku i nā kumuwaiwai a me ka nānā ʻana, ke alakaʻi nei i ka holomua a hāʻawi i ka manaʻolana hou i nā maʻi ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.