ʻO nā holomua holomua ma nā pūnaewele pepehi kanaka maoli (NK) ma mua o 50 mau makahiki

Mai ka hōʻike mua ʻana o nā lymphocytes e hōʻike ana i ka pepehi ʻana "ʻaʻole kikoʻī" o nā pūnaewele tumo i ka makahiki 1973, ua ulu nui ka ʻike a me ke ʻano o nā pūnaewele Natural Killer (NK). I ka makahiki 1975, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Rolf Kiessling a me nā hoa hana ma ka Karolinska Institute i ka huaʻōlelo "Natural Killer", e hōʻike ana i ko lākou mana kūʻokoʻa e hoʻouka koke i nā cell tumor me ka ʻole o ka sensitization mua.

I loko o nā makahiki he kanalima e hiki mai ana, ua aʻo nui nā laboratories ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i nā pūnaewele NK in vitro e wehewehe i ko lākou kuleana i ka pale ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻōpū a me nā pathogens microbial, a me kā lākou hana hoʻoponopono i loko o ka ʻōnaehana pale.

Nā Pūnaehana NK: ʻO nā Lymphocytes Innate Pioneering

ʻO nā pūnaewele NK, nā lālā mua i hōʻike ʻia o ka ʻohana lymphocyte innate, e pale aku i nā ʻōpū a me nā pathogens ma o ka hana cytotoxic pololei a me ka huna ʻana o nā cytokines a me nā chemokines. Ua kapa mua ʻia ʻo ia he "null cell" ma muli o ka ʻole o ka ʻike ʻana i nā māka, nā holomua i ka hoʻokaʻina ʻana o ka RNA cell cell, flow cytometry, a me ka spectrometry nui i ʻae i ka wehewehe kikoʻī o nā subtypes cell NK.

Ka Makahiki Mua (1973-1982): Ka ʻike ʻana i ka Cytotoxicity ʻAʻole

ʻO ka hopena o nā makahiki 1960 a me nā makahiki 1970 mua i ʻike i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua in vitro maʻalahi e ana i ka cytotoxicity i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke kelepona. I ka makahiki 1974, ua hōʻike ʻo Herberman a me nā hoa hana e hiki i nā lymphocytes koko āpau mai nā kānaka olakino ke pepehi i nā ʻāpana lymphoma kanaka. Ua wehewehe hou ʻo Kiessling, Klein, a me Wigzell i ka lysis spontaneous o nā pūnaewele maʻi maʻi e nā lymphocytes mai nā ʻiole lawe ʻole ʻia, a kapa ʻia kēia hana "pepehi kūlohelohe."

ʻO ka lua o nā makahiki (1983-1992): Phenotypic Characterization and Viral Defense

I ka makahiki 1980, ua neʻe ka manaʻo i ka phenotypic characterization o NK cell, e alakaʻi ana i ka ʻike ʻana i nā subpopulations me nā hana ʻokoʻa. Ma ka makahiki 1983, ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o nā pūnaewele NK kanaka. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina hou aʻe i ke kuleana koʻikoʻi o nā pūnaewele NK i ka pale ʻana i nā herpesviruses, i hōʻike ʻia e ka mea maʻi me nā maʻi herpesvirus koʻikoʻi ma muli o kahi hemahema o ke kelepona NK.

ʻO ke kolu o nā makahiki (1993-2002): Ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā Receptors a me nā Ligands

ʻO ka holomua nui i nā 1990s a me nā 2000s mua i alakaʻi i ka ʻike a me ka cloning o nā mea hoʻokipa cell NK a me kā lākou mau ligands. ʻO nā mea i ʻike ʻia e like me ka NKG2D receptor a me kāna mau ligands i hoʻoulu ʻia i ke koʻikoʻi i hoʻokumu i kumu no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā mīkini ʻike "hoʻololi-pono" i nā cell NK.

ʻO ka makahiki ʻehā (2003-2012): NK Cell Memory a me ka laikini

Kū'ē i nā manaʻo kuʻuna, hōʻike nā haʻawina i nā makahiki 2000 e hiki i nā pūnaewele NK ke hōʻike i nā pane e like me ka hoʻomanaʻo. Ua hōʻike nā mea noiʻi hiki i nā pūnaewele NK ke hoʻopili i nā pane antigen-specific a hoʻomohala i kahi ʻano o ka "hoʻomanaʻo" e like me nā cell immune adaptive. Eia hou, ua puka mai ka manaʻo o ka "licensing" cell NK, e wehewehe ana pehea e hiki ai i ka launa pū ʻana me nā molekole MHC ponoʻī ke hoʻonui i ka pane ʻana o ka cell NK.

ʻO ka makahiki ʻelima (2013-i kēia manawa): Nā noi lapaʻau a me nā ʻokoʻa

I nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala iho nei, ua alakaʻi ka holomua ʻenehana i ka noiʻi cell NK. Ua hōʻike ʻo Mass cytometry a me hoʻokahi-cell RNA sequencing i ka ʻokoʻa phenotypic nui ma waena o nā cell NK. ʻO ka maʻi maʻi, ua hōʻike ʻo NK cell i ka ʻōlelo hoʻohiki i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi hematologic, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ka hoʻohana kūleʻa ʻana o nā cell CD19 CAR-NK i nā maʻi lymphoma i 2020.

Nā Manaʻo e hiki mai ana: Nā nīnau i pane ʻole ʻia a me nā Horizons Hou

Ke hoʻomau nei ka noiʻi ʻana, e mau ana kekahi mau nīnau hoihoi. Pehea e loaʻa ai i nā pūnaewele NK ka hoʻomanaʻo antigen-specific? Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā cell NK e kāohi i nā maʻi autoimmune? Pehea e hiki ai iā mākou ke lanakila i nā pilikia i hoʻopuka ʻia e ka microenvironment tumo e hoʻōla pono i nā cell NK? ʻO nā makahiki he kanalima e hiki mai ana e hoʻohiki i nā mea hoihoi a me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia i loko o ka biology cell NK, e hāʻawi ana i nā hoʻolālā therapeutic hou no ka maʻi kanesa a me nā maʻi maʻi.