Shin Hannun Hannun Hannun Jiki shine Makomar Cuta ta Autoimmune?
Maganin juyin juya hali don ciwon daji na iya kuma iya magancewa da sake saita tsarin rigakafi don samar da gafara na dogon lokaci ko kuma mai yiwuwa ma ya warkar da wasu cututtuka na autoimmune.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell far ya ba da sabon tsarin kula da cututtukan cututtukan jini tun daga 2017, amma akwai alamun farko da ke nuna cewa za a iya sake dawo da waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi na salula don cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na B-cell.
A watan Satumba na shekarar da ta gabata, masu bincike a Jamus sun ba da rahoton cewa marasa lafiya biyar da ke da tsarin lupus erythematosus (SLE) da aka yi musu magani tare da maganin CAR T-cell duk sun sami gafara ba tare da magani ba. A lokacin bugawa, babu wani majiyyaci da ya sake komawa har tsawon watanni 17 bayan jiyya. Marubutan sun bayyana seroconversion na antinuclear antibodies a cikin marasa lafiya biyu tare da mafi tsayin bin diddigin, "yana nuna cewa shafewar ƙwayoyin cuta na B-cell na autoimmune na iya haifar da ƙarin gyaran gyare-gyare na autoimmunity," masu binciken sun rubuta.
A wani binciken binciken da aka buga a watan Yuni, masu bincike sun yi amfani da CD-19 da aka yi niyya da ƙwayoyin CAR-T don kula da wani mutum mai shekaru 41 da ke da ciwon maganin antisynthetase mai raɗaɗi tare da myositis mai ci gaba da cututtukan huhu na tsaka-tsaki. Watanni shida bayan jiyya, babu alamun myositis akan MRI kuma CT scan na kirji ya nuna cikakken ci gaba na alveolitis.
Tun daga wannan lokacin, kamfanoni biyu na fasahar kere-kere - Cabaletta Bio a Philadelphia da Kyverna Therapeutics a Emeryville, California - an riga an ba da sunayensu cikin sauri daga Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka don maganin CAR T-cell don SLE da lupus nephritis. Bristol-Myers Squibb kuma yana gudanar da gwajin lokaci na 1 a cikin marasa lafiya tare da SLE mai tsanani. Kamfanonin fasahar kere kere da dama da asibitoci a kasar Sin suma suna gudanar da gwajin asibiti na SLE. Amma wannan shine kawai tip na ƙanƙara game da hanyoyin kwantar da hankali na salula don cututtuka na autoimmune, in ji Max Konig, MD, PhD, mataimakin farfesa a fannin likitanci a sashin ilimin rheumatology a Makarantar Medicine na Jami'ar Johns Hopkins a Baltimore.
"Lokaci ne mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa. Ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba a tarihin rashin lafiyar jiki," in ji shi.
A "Sake yi" don Tsarin rigakafi
Magungunan da aka yi niyya na B-cell sun kasance tun farkon shekarun 2000 tare da kwayoyi kamar rituximab, maganin rigakafi na monoclonal wanda ke kaiwa CD20, antigen da aka bayyana a saman ƙwayoyin B. Kwayoyin CAR T da ake da su a halin yanzu suna nufin wani antigen na saman, CD19, kuma sun fi ƙarfin jiyya. Dukansu biyu suna da tasiri wajen rage ƙwayoyin B a cikin jini, amma waɗannan sel T ɗin CD19 da aka yi niyya za su iya isa ga ƙwayoyin B da ke zaune a cikin kyallen takarda ta hanyar da maganin rigakafi ba zai iya ba, Konig ya bayyana.